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period. It is the difference between number of in-migrants and number of
          out-migrants of a territorial unit on average per 1,000 population of that
          territorial unit.

                Formula:
                                              I - O
                                NR (‰)  =           ×  1000
                                               P tb
                Where:
                NR: Net-migration rate;

                I: Number of in-migrants in 12 months prior to the reference period;
                O: Number of out-migrants in 12 months prior to the reference period;

                P tb: Population up to the reference time-point.
                Or:                     NR = IR - OR

                Where:

                NR: Net-migration rate;
                IR: In-migration rate;

                OR: Out-migration rate.
                Life expectancy at birth reflects the prospect of a newborn could live
          for how many years if the current mortality model is maintained, this is the
          key statistical indicator of the Life table.

                                               T
                                           e    0
                                            0
                                                l 0

                Where:

                e 0: Life expectancy at birth (unit: year);

                T 0: Total number of years of the newborns in the Life table who will
                    continue to live;
                l 0: Number of persons who live to the age of 0 of the Life table (the
                   set of original newborns is observed).

                Life expectancy at birth is one of the integrated indicators calculated
          from the Life table.


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