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Formula:


                           SLE   a   t  n  E i t t         t  E t unknown
                                   i a  P i  l literacy  P      l
                                   
                                           
                                                  age of  education level
                                                                D l
                    t
                SLE : Expected years of schooling aged from a to t;
                    a
                  t
                E : Number of pupils/students attending school at right age
                  i
                    (where i   a, a+1,…,n); n expresses schooling age limit;
                  t
                P :  Population  at  school  age  in  year  t.  Age  of  level  1  expresses
                 i
                    population in primary education;
                D l: Primary education period;

                (3) I income: Index of GNI per capita (PPP - USD)

                The sub-indices are calculated as follows:

                                          Actual value - Minimum value
                   Dimension index =
                                        Maximum value - Minimum value

                In particular, I income is calculated using the folular below:
                                           ln(real) - ln(min)
                                 I income =
                                           ln(max) - ln(min)

                The  value  max  and  min  of  relevant  indicators,  which  are  used  to

          calculate Vietnam’s HDI, is based on Human Development Report 2020 of
          UNDP:

                        Index                   Unit          Max          Min

           Average life expectancy at birth     Year           85,0       20,0

           Mean years of schooling              Year           15,0        0,0


           Expected years of schooling          Year           18,0        0,0

           GNI per capita (PPP)                 USD          75000         100




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